Biometric recognition is an automatic identification method which is based on unique features or characteristics possessed by human beings and Iris recognition has proved itself as one of the most reliable biometric methods available owing to the accuracy provided by its unique epigenetic patterns. The main steps in any iris recognition system are image acquisition, iris segmentation, iris normalization, feature extraction and features matching. EER (Equal Error Rate) metric is considered the best metric for evaluating an iris recognition system. In this paper, different parameters viz. the scaling factor to speed up the CHT (Circle Hough Transform), the sigma for blurring with Gaussian filter while detecting edges, the radius for weak edge suppression for the edge detector used during segmentation and the gamma correction factor for gamma correction; the central wavelength for convolving with Log-Gabor filter and the sigma upon central frequency during feature extraction have been thoroughly tested and evaluated over the CASIA-IrisV1 database to get an improved parameter set. This paper demonstrates how the parameters must be set to have an optimized Iris Recognition System.

A biometric system provides automatic identification of an individual based on unique features or characteristics possessed by that person. Iris recognition is regarded as one of the most reliable and accurate available biometric systems. This paper proposes an efficient iris recognition system that employs a novel method to localize the iris region on the eye image based on approximating the iris radius using the pupil characteristics and cumulative sum based gray change analysis technique to extract features from the normalized iris template. Fuzzy ARTMAP neural network is also applied to classify the iris codes. The results of simulations on a set of 756 eye images illustrated a fast, accurate and noise resistant personal identification system. The proposed system achieved zero false acceptance rate using 1800-bit binary iris codes and recognized all authorized users with 100% accuracy.

With an increasing emphasis on security, automated personal identification based on biometrics has been receiving extensive attention. Iris recognition, as an emerging biometric recognition approach, is becoming a very active topic in both research and practical applications. In general, a typical iris recognition system includes iris imaging, iris liveness detection, and recognition. This research focused on the last issue and describes a new scheme for iris recognition. This paper proposes a new method to find the inner boundary of the Iris for localizing its area in the eye images. The proposed method besides having higher speed and lower calculation cost and simplicity, has got an acceptable precision for internal boundary localizing the proposed algorithm for feature extraction, characterizing the important information via biorthogonal wavelet and experimental results show that the proposed method has an encouraging performance.

Iris recognition system consists of some stages where feature extraction is one of the most important one. Most of the available systems uses one special technic to extract features. To improve performance of the system, we used a binary genetic algorithm with a novel fitness function to find a combinational feature extraction method. Proposed method uses many different filters and transformations which were applied in feature extraction of iris and finds the best combination during iteration of the algorithm. Consequently a set of methods including numbers of wavelet transform, Gabor filter and Fourier transform is achieved as the best combinational feature extraction approach. In experiments, improving performance of the proposed combinational approach is shown contrasting to other single methods using ROC curve. Comparisons showed that the proposed method outperforms other state of the art methods in most of cases. This method succeeded to achieve FAR=0 and FRR=0. 092.

Enterprises are now global, virtual and dependent on dynamic information access. Naturally, digital information is constant throughout its lifecycle. In this shifting landscape, the battlefront in security is rapidly changing from securing the perimeter to protecting the information itself. The primary advantage of public-key cryptography is increased security and convenience: private keys never need to be transmitted or revealed to anyone, but loss of a private key may cause the loss of valuable data. In this paper, we proposed a new method of using iris biometric instead of private keys, so that the iris cannot be lost, stolen or even misused. The two first stages of iris recognition are implemented as the preliminary result. Our approach is feasible to produce an iris template for using as a private key in identity identification and biometric watermarking applications.

Iris contour is relevant to a number of clinical situations including primary angle-closure (pupillary block and plateau iris) and pigment dispersion syndrome. Since iris contour is known to be affected by various phenomena such as prevention of blinking, exercise and accomodation, a method is needed to quantify the shape of the iris and allow comparison among individuals or under different conditions (e.g. before and after accommodation).

Purpose: To review the concept of plateau iris and summarize the recent evidence on its diagnosis and management. Methods: This is a narrative review on the plateau iris. A literature review was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases using keywords: angle-closure glaucoma, glaucoma, nonpupillary block glaucoma, plateau iris, and plateau iris management. Results: This review defined the current knowledge about plateau iris. First of all, the anatomy and epidemiology were discussed. Then, we outlined the available evidence on the diagnosis of plateau iris and its differential diagnosis. Conclusively, the treatment options were mentioned. Conclusions: Plateau iris is a condition in which nonpupillary block mechanisms are responsible for intraocular pressure elevation and angle closure attack when a patent peripheral iridotomy has removed the relative pupillary block. An anteriorly positioned ciliary body causes mechanical obstruction of trabecular meshwork in these patients. It is usually seen in younger patients with angle closure and is diagnosed by gonioscopic examination and imaging modalities such as Ultrasound biomicroscopy. Despite the known mechanism of plateau iris, there is no consensus over treatment. Low-dose pilocarpine and Argon laser peripheral iridoplasty are nonsurgical treatments for these patients, but their effects are short-term. Cataract extraction with/without endocyclophotocoagulation (ECP), endocycloplasty, excisional goniotomy, and transscleral cyclophotocoagulation are alternative treatments. Patients should be examined periodically for further progression or recurrence of plateau iris. In cases of glaucoma unresponsive to conventional medical treatments, surgical treatments such as trabeculectomy and drainage devices should be considered.

Polyamines are low molecular weight organic polycations containing two or more amino groups and their application in agriculture is going to increase as a result of their positive impact on plant physiological responses. This greenhouse study was applied in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design to evaluate the effects of polyamines (putrescine and spermine) at four levels (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 mM) on morphophysiological characteristics of Dutch iris (Iris hollandica 'Blue Magic'). Foliar spraying treatments were performed from 3-leaf stage, weekly. The results showed that putrescine and spermine increased vase life and flower diameter and the highest record was observed in 2 mM putrescine treatment. Plants that treated with 2 mM putrescine and spermine had the greatest amount of petals anthocyanin and leaf chlorophyll content. All polyamines treatments increased post-harvest flower fresh weight and petals soluble solids content and the maximum rise was detected by 2 mM putrescine application. According to the results of this study, the best results were found in both 2 mM putrescine and 1 mM spermine treatments, where the lowest electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content and the most antioxidant enzymes catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities was obtained.